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Answer :
Explanation:
Compton Scattering:
Compton scattering is the scattering of light (or other electromagnetic radiation) by free electrons, resulting in a transfer of energy and momentum between the light and the electrons. This phenomenon was first observed by Arthur Compton in 1923.
Process:
1. An incident photon (light particle) collides with a free electron.
2. The photon transfers some of its energy and momentum to the electron.
3. The photon is scattered in a new direction, with reduced energy and frequency.
4. The electron recoils, gaining kinetic energy.
Shift in Wavelength (Δλ):
The Compton shift depends on the scattering angle (θ) between the incident and scattered photons. The shift is given by:
Δλ = (h/mc) (1 - cosθ)
where:
h = Planck's constant
m = electron rest mass
c = speed of light
θ = scattering angle
Graph:
The graph shows the Compton shift (Δλ) versus the scattering angle (θ).
- At θ = 0° (forward scattering), Δλ = 0 (no shift).
- As θ increases, Δλ increases, reaching a maximum at θ = 180° (backscattering).
- The shift is symmetrical around θ = 90°.
Explanation:
- The Compton shift is a result of the energy and momentum transfer between the photon and the electron.
- The scattering angle determines the amount of energy transferred, with larger angles resulting in greater energy transfer and a larger shift.
- The shift is independent of the incident photon's energy, but depends on the electron's rest mass and the scattering angle.
Compton scattering has significant implications in various fields, including:
- Particle physics
- Radiation therapy
- Materials science
- Astrophysics
It's a fundamental process that helps us understand the interactions between light and matter.
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