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Answer :
The Mandate of Heaven allowed a new ruler to justify overthrowing a declining ruler by claiming the loss of divine mandate, thus affecting Chinese governance and dynastic changes. So, The correct answer is B. It allowed an new ruler to justify overthrowing a declining ruler.
b. It allowed a new ruler to justify overthrowing a declining ruler.
The Mandate of Heaven was a key concept in ancient Chinese political philosophy that greatly influenced the government and rulership of China.
According to this belief, the ruling dynasty was granted the divine mandate to govern by Heaven as long as they ruled justly and effectively.
If a ruler became corrupt or his rule was marked by disaster and suffering, it was seen as a sign that he had lost the Mandate of Heaven.
This concept had a significant impact on Chinese governance in several ways:
Legitimacy of Rule: The Mandate of Heaven provided a moral and religious basis for the legitimacy of rulers. It allowed a new ruler to justify overthrowing a declining or corrupt ruler by claiming that they had lost the divine mandate.
Dynastic Changes: When a dynasty fell or was overthrown, it was often explained as a result of losing the Mandate of Heaven. This justified dynastic changes and transitions of power throughout Chinese history.
Ruler's Responsibilities: Rulers were expected to govern justly and responsibly to maintain the Mandate of Heaven. This promoted a sense of duty and accountability among rulers.
In contrast, option a (long civil wars between dynasties) does not directly relate to the Mandate of Heaven but is a consequence of dynastic changes, which were often justified using the concept of the Mandate of Heaven. Option c (ruler receiving a message to quit) is not a typical outcome associated with the Mandate of Heaven.
So, The correct answer is B. It allowed an new ruler to justify overthrowing a declining ruler.
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