A longitudinal study of children in Kauai found that difficult births, illness at the time of birth, and low birth weight had what effect on the children's development?

1. Had much less effect than children's environment on their development.
2. Resulted in serious adverse effects—physical, cognitive, and emotional—on most of the children in the study, even into adulthood.
3. Had no long-lasting physical effects but were strongly correlated with poor grades and emotional problems during childhood.
4. Were not correlated with cognitive or emotional problems during childhood but almost always left permanent physical damage.

Question

29-10-2024
Social Studies

High School

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A longitudinal study of children in Kauai found that difficult births, illness at the time of birth, and low birth weight had what effect on the children's development?

1. Had much less effect than children's environment on their development.
2. Resulted in serious adverse effects—physical, cognitive, and emotional—on most of the children in the study, even into adulthood.
3. Had no long-lasting physical effects but were strongly correlated with poor grades and emotional problems during childhood.
4. Were not correlated with cognitive or emotional problems during childhood but almost always left permanent physical damage.

Answer :

Final answer:

The study found that environmental factors play a more crucial role in child development than difficult births or early illness, with issues like poverty exacerbating the risk of health and psychological problems.

Explanation:

The longitudinal study conducted in Kauai, known as the Kauai Longitudinal Study, was initiated by psychologists Emmy Werner and Ruth Smith in the 1950s. This study followed the lives of over 600 children born in Kauai, Hawaii, in 1955, (option 2) resulted in serious adverse effects–physical, cognitive, and emotional–on most of the children in the study, even into adulthood.

The study found that difficult births, illness at the time of birth, and low birth weight had significant adverse effects on the children's development. These adverse effects manifested across various domains including physical, cognitive, and emotional aspects of their lives.

1) Difficult births, including complications during delivery, such as prolonged labor or the need for medical intervention, often resulted in physical health issues for the children. This could include conditions such as cerebral palsy or other motor impairments.

2) Illness at the time of birth, such as infections or other health complications, also had serious adverse effects on the children's development. These health issues could lead to long-term physical health problems, affecting their overall well-being into adulthood.

3) Low birth weight, which is often associated with premature birth or intrauterine growth restriction, was found to be strongly correlated with developmental delays and health issues in childhood. Children with low birth weight often faced challenges in cognitive development, leading to academic difficulties and emotional problems.

Overall, the study concluded that adverse birth circumstances such as difficult births, illness at birth, and low birth weight had lasting impacts on the children's physical, cognitive, and emotional development. These effects often persisted into adulthood, highlighting the importance of early intervention and support for children born under such circumstances.

Answer :

Final answer:

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