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What changed in Turkey as a direct result of Atatürk's efforts?

1. Turkey adopted a more modern Western orientation.
2. Turkey's government was dominated by Islamic clerics.
3. Secularism in Turkey was universally accepted.
4. Communist forces seized power in Turkey.

Answer :

1. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's efforts resulted in Turkey adopting a more modern Western orientation. His radical reforms included secularization, adopting European laws and dress codes, and modernizing the nation’s infrastructure and education system.

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's efforts led to Turkey adopting a more modern Western orientation. His radical reforms aimed at modernizing Turkey included replacing Islamic law with a European model, adopting the Gregorian calendar, promoting Western-style clothing, and secularizing the government.

Atatürk's policies also involved closing religious schools, introducing state schools, and replacing the Arabic script with the Latin alphabet. Additionally, he gave women the right to vote and work outside the home, transforming Turkish society significantly.

Atatürk minimized the role of Islam in government, promoted European manners and pastimes, and sought to build a modern, secular republic based on European principles.

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