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Answer :
This detailed explanation provides the calculations for determining the number of people owning a Blu-ray player or microwave oven, both individually and exclusively, as well as those who owned neither.
a) To find the total number of people who owned a Blu-ray player or a microwave oven, we add the individual numbers who owned each and then subtract the number who owned both:
Owned Blu-ray player: 96
Owned Microwave oven: 123
Owned Both: 78
Total = 96 + 123 - 78 = 141 people
b) To find people who owned a Blu-ray player but not a microwave, we subtract those who owned both from those who owned only a Blu-ray player:
Owned Blu-ray player only = 96 - 78 = 18 people
c) For the number of people owning a microwave oven but not a Blu-ray player, we subtract the number of people who owned both from those who owned only a microwave:
Owned Microwave oven only = 123 - 78 = 45 people
d) For those who owned neither, we subtract from the total number of people surveyed those who owned either or both:
Owned Neither = 200 - (Owned Blu-ray player or Microwave oven) = 200 - 141 = 59 people
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From the survey, 141 people owned either a Blu-ray player or a microwave oven, 18 owned only a Blu-ray player, 45 owned only a microwave oven, and 59 owned neither device.
To determine how many people owned each type of device from the survey of 200 people, we should use the principle of inclusion-exclusion. The total number of people owning either a Blu-ray player or a microwave oven is found by adding the individual owners and then subtracting the number of people who own both, to avoid counting them twice.
The calculations are as follows:
- (a) Blu-ray player or microwave oven: This is 96 (Blu-ray owners) + 123 (microwave owners) - 78 (both owners) = 141 people.
- (b) Blu-ray player but not a microwave oven: This is the total number of Blu-ray owners minus those who also own a microwave, which is 96 - 78 = 18 people.
- (c) Microwave oven but not a Blu-ray player: Similarly, this is the total number of microwave owners minus those who also own a Blu-ray, which is 123 - 78 = 45 people.
- (d) Neither a Blu-ray player nor a microwave oven: This is the total survey number minus all the people who own at least one of the devices, which is 200 - 141 = 59 people.
Their survey showed that 141 people owned at least one of the devices, 18 owned only a Blu-ray player, 45 owned only a microwave oven, and 59 owned neither.