High School

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If you know what the words mean and have seen them in print, you can recognize or recall their pronunciation more automatically. How?

a) Through semantic processing
b) Through orthographic processing
c) Through phonological processing
d) Through syntactic processing

Answer :

Final answer:

The knowledge of 'they were' pronunciation can be attributed to phonological processing. However, the best memory for verbal information is through semantic encoding, which involves a deep level of understanding and relating the information to oneself, known as the self-reference effect.

Explanation:

When recognizing or recalling the pronunciation of the phrase 'they were', the process involved is referred to as phonological processing. This type of processing is related to the sounds or the auditory aspect of the words. It allows individuals to link the written word with its corresponding spoken sound automatically. In terms of memory encoding, the best memory of verbal information is achieved through semantic encoding, which involves a deeper level of processing by attaching meaning to the words. This was demonstrated through research by psychologists Fergus Craik and Endel Tulving, who found that words encoded semantically were better remembered than those encoded visually or acoustically.

Semantic encoding often utilizes the self-reference effect, enhancing memory for information related to oneself. Automatic processing also plays a role in encoding details such as time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words effortlessly and without conscious awareness. In contrast, decoding words is a more deliberate act in phonological processing where readers apply their knowledge of letter-sound mappings to pronounce unfamiliar words. Once a word is decoded a few times, it typically becomes recognized without conscious effort.

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