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Answer :
The inference that can be drawn when a large population of cockroaches was sprayed with an insecticide where a few of the cockroaches survived and produced a population of cockroaches that was resistant to this spray is that: Individuals with favorable variations survive and reproduce.
Insecticide are the compounds that are used to get rid of the pests and insects in the crop fields or at homes. They can be organic, synthetic, inorganic or miscellaneous.
Variations are the changes in the genetic sequence of an organism. These are also called mutations. Usually the mutations are harmful but beneficial mutations can arise as well that help the population of organisms to survive better in the unfavorable conditions.
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The cockroach scenario exemplifies natural selection, where genetic variations within the population led to pesticide resistance, showcasing microevolution and the development of a population predominated by resistant individuals.
The few cockroaches that survived the insecticide likely had genetic variations that provided resistance. When these resistant cockroaches reproduced, they passed their resistant genes to their offspring, resulting in a population shift towards increased resistance. This phenomenon shows how pesticide resistance can evolve within a pest population when subjected to selective pressure, much like bacteria can become superbugs by evolving resistance to antibiotics. Such resistant populations may require higher concentrations or different types of pesticides to be controlled, reflecting microevolutionary changes in response to human-imposed selection pressures.
