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Answer :
Final answer:
The standard temperature and pressure at sea level are 15°C (59°F) and 1013.2 millibars, respectively. These conditions represent 'normal' or 'standard' atmospheric conditions, with the pressure measurement correlating to the weight of Earth's atmosphere pressing down on its surface at sea level.
Explanation:
The standard temperature and pressure at sea level are typically defined as 15°C (59°F) and 1013.2 millibars respectively. This average sea-level pressure corresponds to the weight of the atmosphere pressing down on Earth's surface, making the value of 1 atmosphere (atm) of pressure, equivalent to approximately 1013.2 millibars or about 760mm of mercury (29.92 inches Hg). You can think about this like a mercury barometer - being denser than water, it only needs to be 1/136 as tall as a water barometer, a much more convenient size, to measure the same pressure.
The pressure a fluid exerts due to gravity is known as hydrostatic pressure. This means a column of fluid, such as mercury or water, will exert pressure at the base of the column due to the weight of the fluid above. In the case of a mercury barometer, the height of the mercury column would correspond to the prevailing atmospheric pressure.
Keep in mind that meteorologists commonly use millibars as a unit of pressure because the average atmospheric pressure at sea level is conveniently near 1013 millibars or 1 atm, but other units like torr, inches of mercury, and Pa (Pascal) can also be used depending on the context.
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