Answer :

Final answer:

Evolution is described as a change in allele frequency between generations because it provides a measurable genetic basis for the observed phenotypic changes within populations. The allele frequencies change due to the impact of evolutionary forces such as natural selection and genetic drift, indicating genetic evolution.

Explanation:

Understanding Evolution as a Change in Allele Frequency

Evolution is considered to be the change in allele frequency between generations because it represents the genetic variation underlying phenotypic changes in populations. The allele frequency is the proportion of a specific allele present within a population relative to other alleles of the same gene. The Hardy-Weinberg theorem concept explains that evolution occurs when there's a deviation from the equilibrium that would otherwise maintain constant allele frequencies, presuming no evolutionary forces are acting upon the population.

For example, the frequencies of the ABO blood type alleles IA, IB, and Iº can demonstrate how allele frequencies reflect evolutionary changes. Evolutionary forces like natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and mutation contribute to changes in these frequencies. A well-known example of evolution in natural populations is the change in wing coloration of the peppered moth due to industrial soot.

Population genetics studies microevolution by tracking these changes in allele frequencies over time. Evolution can be observed and measured by examining shifts in allele frequencies due to different evolutionary forces, which indicate that the population is evolving. This molecular level of evolution is integral to the modern synthesis of evolutionary theory, blending insights from Darwin, Wallace, Mendel, and others.

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