High School

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[5 marks]

A box of mass 40 kg is pushed horizontally across the floor with a force of 185 N.

a) Determine the weight of the box.

b) Determine the size of the normal force.

c) Determine the size of the frictional force.

d) Determine the resulting acceleration of the box.

The coefficient of friction is 0.3.

Answer :

Sure, let's solve the problem step-by-step!

a) Determine the weight of the box:

To find the weight of the box, we use the formula:

[tex]\[ \text{Weight} = \text{mass} \times \text{gravity} \][/tex]

Given:
- Mass of the box = 40 kg
- Gravity = 9.8 m/s²

Plugging in these values:

[tex]\[ \text{Weight} = 40 \, \text{kg} \times 9.8 \, \text{m/s}^2 = 392 \, \text{N} \][/tex]

So, the weight of the box is 392 N.

b) The size of the normal force:

On a horizontal surface, the normal force is equal to the weight of the object because there's no vertical acceleration.

Therefore, the normal force is:

[tex]\[ \text{Normal Force} = 392 \, \text{N} \][/tex]

c) The size of the frictional force:

The frictional force can be calculated using the coefficient of friction and the normal force. The formula is:

[tex]\[ \text{Frictional Force} = \text{coefficient of friction} \times \text{Normal Force} \][/tex]

Given:
- Coefficient of friction = 0.3

Plugging in these values:

[tex]\[ \text{Frictional Force} = 0.3 \times 392 \, \text{N} = 117.6 \, \text{N} \][/tex]

So, the frictional force is 117.6 N.

d) The resulting acceleration of the box:

To find the acceleration, we can use Newton's second law, which states:

[tex]\[ \text{Net Force} = \text{mass} \times \text{acceleration} \][/tex]

The net force is the difference between the applied force and the frictional force:

[tex]\[ \text{Net Force} = \text{Force applied} - \text{Frictional Force} \][/tex]

Given:
- Force applied = 185 N

Plugging in the values:

[tex]\[ \text{Net Force} = 185 \, \text{N} - 117.6 \, \text{N} = 67.4 \, \text{N} \][/tex]

Now, we calculate the acceleration:

[tex]\[ \text{Acceleration} = \frac{\text{Net Force}}{\text{mass}} \][/tex]

[tex]\[ \text{Acceleration} = \frac{67.4 \, \text{N}}{40 \, \text{kg}} = 1.685 \, \text{m/s}^2 \][/tex]

So, the resulting acceleration of the box is 1.685 m/s².

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