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Choose the statement that best describes the presence of keystone species:

A. Keystone species appear to be common in terrestrial systems, but not in aquatic ones.
B. Keystone species appear to be common in both terrestrial and aquatic systems.
C. Keystone species appear to be common in aquatic systems, but not in terrestrial ones.
D. By definition, keystone species cannot occur in aquatic systems.
E. By definition, keystone species cannot occur in terrestrial systems.

Answer :

Final answer:

Keystone species are crucial in maintaining biodiversity and overall balance in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Their roles can significantly alter and shape the communities they inhabit. Various abiotic factors specific to different habitats can affect these species.

Explanation:

Keystone species are integral to maintaining biodiversity within an ecosystem, as they play critical roles in upholding an ecological community's structure. Examples can be found in both terrestrial and aquatic systems, thereby dismissing the notion that they are exclusive to one type of environment.

In terrestrial systems, their role might be a predator, keeping certain populations in check, or a plant that provides critical habitat or food resources. Aquatic examples include the sea star, Pisaster ochraceus, in the northwestern United States and the banded tetra, a fish in tropical streams. The sea star's predation keeps mussel populations under control, preserving biodiversity. The banded tetra contributes essential nutrients, particularly phosphorus, to the rest of the community.

However, the abiotic factors affecting these organisms can differ between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In aquatic environments, factors like sunlight, water temperature, and the concentration of dissolved oxygen can greatly influence the availability of life-sustaining resources, especially in deeper areas. For terrestrial ecosystems, factors such as air temperature and available water sources are more typical considerations.

Overall, keystone species exemplify how interconnected organisms within an ecosystem can be and how critical their roles are in maintaining biodiversity and overall ecological balance.

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