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Nitrogen. If a nitrogen has three bonds and a lone pair, it has a formal charge of zero. If it has four bonds (and no lone pair), it has a formal charge of 1+
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Answer:
If a nitrogen atom has four covalent bonds, it will have a formal charge of +1. This is because nitrogen has five valence electrons, but it is sharing four of them in covalent bonds. This means that it has one less electron than it would if it were unbonded.
Here is the calculation:
Formal charge = (# of valence electrons - (# of electrons in bonds - (# of electrons in lone pairs))
Formal charge of nitrogen = (5 - (4 - 0)) = +1
For example, in the ammonium ion, NH4+, the nitrogen atom has four covalent bonds to hydrogen atoms. This means that it has a formal charge of +1.
Explanation:
