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Answer :
The observed odds ratio (the observed association between migraine headache and cell phone use) is OR = 1.23.
An investigator is studying the association between cell phone use and migraine headaches.
100 cases (migraine patients) and 100 controls (people who don't suffer from migraine), and asks each group how many hours they use their cell phones per day, on average.
To calculate odd ratio ( exposure is cell phone as to check cell phone use on migraine)
Odds of disease in exposed = 60/55= 1.09
Odd of disease in non exposed = 40/45 = 0.88
Thus the odds ratio will be = 1.09:0.88
=> Odds of disease in exposed / odds of disease in non exposed = 1.09/ 0.88 = 1.23
= OR = 1.23
Hence the answer is the observed odds ratio (the observed association between migraine headache and cell phone use) is OR = 1.23.
To learn more about ratio click here https://brainly.com/question/13513438
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