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A model steam engine of 1.00 kg mass pulls eight cars of 1.00 kg mass each. The cars start at rest and reach a velocity of 5.20 m/s in a time of 3.00 s while moving a distance of 4.50 m. During that time, the net heat input is 128 J. What is the change in the internal energy of the engine?

Answer :

Final answer:

We can calculate the change in internal energy of the steam engine by using the first law of thermodynamics. The change in internal energy equals the input heat minus the work done by the engine, which in our case equals 58.88 J.

Explanation:

To find the change in the internal energy of the steam engine, we can use the first law of thermodynamics. The total energy of a system is conserved, and it can be transferred between different forms, specifically work, heat, and internal energy.

In this case, the net work done by the steam engine is the force it exerts to move the cars a certain distance. The force is the mass of the engine and cars multiplied by acceleration, which is calculated as change in velocity divided by time, giving us (1+8)*5.20 m/s / 3.00 s = 15.36 N. The work done is then Force * distance, equals 15.36 N * 4.50 m = 69.12 J.

Given the heat input is 128 J, according to the first law of thermodynamics, the change in internal energy ΔU can be calculated as Q - W = 128 J - 69.12 J = 58.88 J. So the change in the internal energy of the steam engine is 58.88 J.

Learn more about Thermodynamics here:

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