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Island biogeography studies the disruption of species on islands, with a focus on the origins of species through migration, speciation, and extinction. Influencing factors could be island size and its distance from the mainland. It also takes into consideration the effects of environmental changes on the biodiversity.
Explanation:
Island biogeography primarily studies the disruption of species on islands. The theory of island biogeography involves the study of the factors which affect the biodiversity on islands, mostly focusing on the origins of species through migration, speciation, and extinction. As per the seminal work of Robert H. MacArthur and Edward O. Wilson, biodiversity on an island is a function of these factors. For instance, islands farther from mainland have lower migration and hence lower species numbers. Similarly, smaller islands support smaller populations and the extinction probability is higher due to fewer niches to promote speciation.
Moreover, researchers use the principles of island biogeography to understand impacts on biodiversity owing to short term and long-term environmental changes such as unusual rainfall patterns, melting of glaciers and rise in water bodies.
A perfect example of island biogeography is observed in a remote Pacific archipelago where a larger number of bird species were found due to adaptive radiation, showcasing a burst of speciation, thereby enhancing biodiversity.
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