High School

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Run a regression analysis on the following bivariate set of data with [tex]$y$[/tex] as the response variable.

[tex]
\[
\begin{array}{|c|c|}
\hline
x & y \\
\hline
70.6 & 19.1 \\
74.2 & 38.5 \\
82.0 & 37.8 \\
82.4 & 43.8 \\
74.9 & 26.6 \\
74.0 & 32.2 \\
68.1 & 20.5 \\
74.3 & 39.7 \\
78.1 & 43.2 \\
60.7 & -1.1 \\
76.1 & 29.9 \\
67.9 & 16.9 \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]
[/tex]

1. Find the correlation coefficient and report it accurate to three decimal places.
[tex]
\[
r = \square
\]
[/tex]

2. What proportion of the variation in [tex]$y$[/tex] can be explained by the least-squares regression line? Report the answer as a percentage accurate to one decimal place. (If the answer is 0.84471, then it would be [tex]$84.5\%$[/tex]; you would enter 84.5 without the percent symbol.)
[tex]
\[
R^2 = \square \%
\]
[/tex]

3. Based on the data, calculate the least-squares regression line (each value to three decimal places).
[tex]
\[
\hat{y} = \square x + \square
\]
[/tex]

4. Predict what value (on average) for the response variable will be obtained from a value of 66.9 as the explanatory variable. Report the answer accurate to one decimal place.
[tex]
\[
y = \square
\]
[/tex]

Answer :

Sure! Let's walk through solving this problem step-by-step.

### 1. Find the Correlation Coefficient, [tex]\( r \)[/tex]

The correlation coefficient [tex]\( r \)[/tex] measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables. A value close to 1 indicates a strong positive correlation.

According to the calculations:
- The correlation coefficient [tex]\( r \)[/tex] is approximately [tex]\( 0.908 \)[/tex].

### 2. Calculate the Proportion of Variation Explained, [tex]\( R^2 \)[/tex]

The coefficient of determination, [tex]\( R^2 \)[/tex], explains the proportion of the variance in the response variable that can be predicted from the explanatory variable.

[tex]\[ R^2 = r^2 \][/tex]
[tex]\[ R^2 = (0.908)^2 \][/tex]
[tex]\[ R^2 \approx 0.824 \][/tex]

To convert [tex]\( R^2 \)[/tex] into a percentage, multiply by 100:
[tex]\[ R^2 \approx 82.4\% \][/tex]

### 3. Determine the Least-Squares Regression Line

The equation of the least-squares regression line is given as:
[tex]\[ \hat{y} = mx + c \][/tex]

Where:
- [tex]\( m \)[/tex] is the slope of the regression line.
- [tex]\( c \)[/tex] is the y-intercept of the regression line.

Given:
- Slope [tex]\( m \)[/tex] is approximately [tex]\( 1.963 \)[/tex].
- Intercept [tex]\( c \)[/tex] is approximately [tex]\( -115.577 \)[/tex].

Thus, the regression line is:
[tex]\[ \hat{y} = 1.963x - 115.577 \][/tex]

### 4. Predict the Response Variable for [tex]\( x = 66.9 \)[/tex]

To find the predicted value of [tex]\( y \)[/tex] for a given [tex]\( x = 66.9 \)[/tex], substitute [tex]\( x \)[/tex] into the regression equation:

[tex]\[ \hat{y} = 1.963(66.9) - 115.577 \][/tex]

Calculating this gives:
[tex]\[ \hat{y} \approx 15.8 \][/tex]

So, the predicted value for [tex]\( y \)[/tex] when [tex]\( x = 66.9 \)[/tex] is approximately [tex]\( 15.8 \)[/tex].

### Summary

- Correlation coefficient, [tex]\( r \)[/tex]: 0.908
- Proportion of the variation explained, [tex]\( R^2 \)[/tex]: 82.4%
- Least-squares regression line: [tex]\( \hat{y} = 1.963x - 115.577 \)[/tex]
- Predicted [tex]\( y \)[/tex] value for [tex]\( x = 66.9 \)[/tex]: 15.8

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