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Answer :
Final answer:
The power of the president to grant pardons to a group of persons is referred to as Amnesty. This authority comes from the U.S. Constitution and has historically been used in various contexts to address federal offenses. The topic raises ongoing discussions about the fairness and accountability of the pardon process in governing.
Explanation:
The Power of the President to Grant Pardons
The power of the president to pardon a group of persons is called Amnesty. This authority is explicitly granted by the U.S. Constitution in Article 2, Section 2, which states that the president has the "power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment." This means the president can forgive individuals for federal crimes, which is a significant aspect of presidential powers.
Historical Context
Historically, the concept of a single authority granting pardons originated from English monarchy practices. For instance, George Washington issued the first presidential pardon in 1794 to farmers involved in the Whiskey Rebellion. Over the years, various presidents have used this power extensively; Franklin Roosevelt holds the record with 3,687 pardons during his presidency.
Contemporary Discussion
The exercise of this power has stirred debate, especially regarding the fairness and equity of the pardon process. For example, during recent presidencies, the use of pardons has faced scrutiny, including if presidents can pardon themselves or individuals close to them. This power remains largely unchecked, as it cannot be overruled by Congress or the Supreme Court, reinforcing the president's significant role in this aspect of the justice system.
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