Answer :

Final answer:

The Grants' study centered on the Galápagos finches on the island of Daphne Major, specifically observing the medium ground finch, Geospiza fortis. During a drought in the 1970s, they documented evolutionary changes such as an increase in average beak size due to natural selection.

Explanation:

The Grants' study on the island of Daphne Major focused on a particular group of organisms: the Galápagos finches, specifically investigating a species known as Geospiza fortis, the medium ground finch. This study became highly significant because it provided real-time observation of evolutionary changes. The research conducted by Peter and Rosemary Grant during the 1970s drought demonstrated a notable decrease in finch population due to a scarcity of small seeds, which many of the small-beaked finches relied on. Consequently, there was an observable increase in the finches' average beak size between 1976 and 1978, supporting the concept of natural selection where organisms adapt to changes in their environment over time.

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