High School

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A horticulturist wants to produce geraniums with specific characteristics.

She knows that the trait of red flowers is governed by the allele [tex]\(R\)[/tex] ([tex]\(RR\)[/tex] and [tex]\(Rr\)[/tex]), and the trait of white flowers is governed by the allele [tex]\(r\)[/tex] ([tex]\(rr\)[/tex]).

The horticulturist crosses two geraniums from the F1 generation. Look at the Punnett square to see this cross:

[tex]
\[
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
\hline
& \(R\) & \(r\) \\
\hline
\(R\) & \(RR\) & \(Rr\) \\
\hline
\(r\) & \(Rr\) & \(rr\) \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\]
[/tex]

Which ratio of red-to-white flowering plants would she expect to see in the phenotypes of the F2 generation?

A. 1 red: 3 white
B. 3 red: 1 white
C. All red
D. 2 red: 2 white

Answer :

To solve the question about the expected ratio of red-to-white flowering plants in the F2 generation, let's analyze the information provided.

The Punnett square represents a cross between two geraniums from the F1 generation, each having the genotype [tex]\( Rr \)[/tex]. Here's the breakdown:

1. Alleles Involved:
- [tex]\( R \)[/tex] is the allele for red flowers.
- [tex]\( r \)[/tex] is the allele for white flowers.
- The genotypes can be:
- [tex]\( RR \)[/tex]: red flowers
- [tex]\( Rr \)[/tex]: red flowers (since [tex]\( R \)[/tex] is dominant over [tex]\( r \)[/tex])
- [tex]\( rr \)[/tex]: white flowers

2. Punnett Square Analysis:
- When you cross [tex]\( Rr \)[/tex] with [tex]\( Rr \)[/tex], the potential offspring combinations are:
- [tex]\( RR \)[/tex]
- [tex]\( Rr \)[/tex]
- [tex]\( Rr \)[/tex]
- [tex]\( rr \)[/tex]

So, the genotypes and phenotypes are:

- 1 out of 4 will be [tex]\( RR \)[/tex] (red flowers)
- 2 out of 4 will be [tex]\( Rr \)[/tex] (red flowers)
- 1 out of 4 will be [tex]\( rr \)[/tex] (white flowers)

3. Phenotypic Outcome:
- Red flowers come from both [tex]\( RR \)[/tex] and [tex]\( Rr \)[/tex] genotypes.
- White flowers come from the [tex]\( rr \)[/tex] genotype.

4. Ratio Calculation:
- The number of red-flowered plants (from [tex]\( RR \)[/tex] and [tex]\( Rr \)[/tex]): [tex]\( 1 + 2 = 3 \)[/tex]
- The number of white-flowered plants (from [tex]\( rr \)[/tex]): [tex]\( 1 \)[/tex]

Based on the analysis, the expected phenotypic ratio of red-to-white flowering plants in the F2 generation is 3 red: 1 white.

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