What is the process of eliminating impurities in water by the diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane called?

Question

01-05-2025
Chemistry

High School

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What is the process of eliminating impurities in water by the diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane called?

Answer :

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shaktir199831 shaktir199831 · Answer 1 · 2023-12-17T19:47:08-05:00

Final answer:

The process in question is called reverse osmosis, a method where pressure is applied to force water through a semi-permeable membrane to remove impurities and produce purified water. It is used in desalination and water purification, though it can be costly and produce wastewater.

Explanation:

The process of eliminating impurities in water through the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane is known as osmosis. When this natural process is reversed by applying pressure, it is called reverse osmosis (RO). RO is a technology that purifies water by forcing water through a semi-permeable membrane which retains contaminants such as ions and other dissolved substances. This method is especially useful in applications such as desalination to convert saltwater into freshwater, and in removing a variety of other contaminants to produce purified water.

Osmosis describes the movement of water from a region of lower solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration. Conversely, in reverse osmosis water purification, pressure is applied to the more concentrated side, causing pure water to move to the less concentrated side, effectively filtering out impurities.

Purified water obtained through reverse osmosis can be used in various scenarios including residential homes, commercial settings, and even in disaster relief or military operations. Despite its efficacy, reverse osmosis systems do produce wastewater and are energy-intensive, which can make them costly where water costs are high.