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What is the correct orbital diagram for Fe\(^{2+}\)?

A. [Ar] 3d: (↑) (↑) (↑) (↑) ( ) 4s: (↑↓)

B. [Ar] 3d: (↑) (↑) (↑) (↑) (↑) 4s: (↑)

C. [Ar] 3d: (↑) (↑) (↑) (↑) (↑) 4s: ( )

D. [Ar] 3d: (↑↓) (↑) (↑) (↑) (↑) 4s: ( )

E. [Ar] 3d: (↑↓) (↑↓) (↑) ( ) ( ) 4s: ( )

Answer :

Final answer:

The correct orbital diagram for Fe²⁺ is [Ar] 3d: (^ )(^ )(^ )(^ )(^ ) 4s: ( ), indicating six electrons in the 3d sublevel and no electrons in the 4s sublevel.

Explanation:

The electron configuration and orbital diagram for the iron cation, Fe²⁺ , is a representation of how electrons are distributed among the different orbitals. Since iron is a transition metal, upon ionization, electrons are removed from the 4s orbital before the 3d orbitals.

To determine the correct orbital diagram for Fe²⁺ , we start with the neutral atom of iron (Fe) which has the electron configuration [Ar]4s23d6. When it forms a 2+ cation, two electrons are lost from the 4s orbital, giving a new configuration of [Ar]3d6.

The correct orbital diagram for Fe²⁺ is:

  • [Ar] 3d: (^ )(^ )(^ )(^ )(^ ) 4s: ( )

This represents the six electrons in the 3d sublevel and empty 4s sublevel after the Fe atom has lost two electrons. With this configuration, the d-orbital is partially filled with six electrons, each in their own orbit according to Hund's rule, and the 4s orbital is empty.

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