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EXERCISE 4: HOT SPOTS

Refer to the image of the Hawaiian Islands and the Pacific Plate found at your station. Online students: See the image labeled "Hawaii and Pacific Plate Seamounts" in Appendix 1, page 179.

8. How many years did it take for the entire expanse of the Hawaiian Seamount Chain to form? (Ensure you are looking at the map of the Pacific Plate, not the Hawaiian Island inset.)

9. What is the distance (in miles) between the oldest seamount and the youngest island in the Hawaiian Seamount Chain?

10. Now you have all the information needed to calculate the average rate of plate movement of the Pacific Plate during the formation of the Hawaiian Seamount Chain. Calculate the rate so that your final answer is expressed in inches per year (in/yr). (1 mile = 5280 feet and 1 foot = 12 inches). Show your work!

11. Look at the Hawaiian Islands inset. What is the distance between the oldest and youngest Hawaiian Island?

12. How many years has it taken for the Hawaiian Islands to form?

13. What was the average rate of plate movement of the Pacific Plate during the time when the Hawaiian Island chain formed (in inches per year)? Note: Measure a straight line between Hawaii and Kauai. Do not measure between each individual island. (1 mile = 5280 feet and 1 foot = 12 inches). Show your work!

14. Using the rates you calculated in questions 10 and 13, write a brief statement that compares the average rate of movement of the Pacific Plate today with what it was in the past.

15. What direction was the plate moving 50 million years ago?

Answer :

The Hawaiian Seamount Chain took 70 million years to form, spanning a distance of 2,200 miles. The average rate of plate movement during this period was approximately 0.984 inches/year.

8. It took 70 million years for the entire expanse of the Hawaiian Seamount Chain to form.9. The distance (in miles) between the oldest seamount and youngest island in the Hawaiian Seamount Chain is 2,200 miles.10.

Calculating the average rate of plate movement of the Pacific Plate during the formation of the Hawaiian Seamount Chain. The Hawaiian Seamount Chain formed over 70 million years and the distance between the oldest seamount and the youngest island is 2,200 miles.

5280 feet = 1 mile; 12 inches = 1 footTherefore, 1 mile = 5280 * 12 inches = 63,360 inchesAnd, 1 year = 365 daysThus, Average rate of plate movement = Distance / Time. The average rate of plate movement = is 2,200 miles * 63,360 inches/year * 70,000,000 years = 0.984 inches/year.

Therefore, the average rate of plate movement of the Pacific Plate during the formation of the Hawaiian Seamount Chain was 0.984 inches/year. 11. The distance between the oldest and youngest Hawaiian islands is 300 miles.

12. It took 10 million years for the Hawaiian Islands to form.13. The average rate of plate movement of the Pacific Plate during the time when the Hawaiian Island chain formed is to be calculated using the distance between Hawaii and Kauai which is 300 miles.

1 mile = 5280 ft = 63360 in1 year = 365 days, Average rate of plate movement = Distance / TimeAverage rate of plate movement = 300 miles * 5280 ft/mile * 12 in/ft / 10,000,000 years, Average rate of plate movement = 0.44 inches/year.

Therefore, the average rate of plate movement of the Pacific Plate during the formation of the Hawaiian Islands was 0.44 inches/year.14. The average rate of movement of the Pacific Plate today is faster than the rate that it was in the past.

Today, the Pacific Plate is moving at about 4 inches/year while during the formation of the Hawaiian Seamount Chain, it was moving at about 0.984 inches/year.15. The direction in which the plate was moving 50 million years ago was in the North-West direction.

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