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Answer :
Final answer:
The height to which a liquid rises in a capillary tube is dependent on the surface tension of the liquid, the contact angle between the liquid and the tube, the radius of the tube, the density of the liquid, and gravitational acceleration, as explained by the equation: h = (2Tcosθ) / (pgr).
Explanation:
The phenomenon where a liquid rises in a narrow tube is known as capillarity or capillary rise. This effect occurs due to the surface tension of the liquid and the interaction between the liquid and the material of the tube. The height (h) to which a liquid rises in a capillary tube is influenced by several factors including the surface tension of the fluid (T), the contact angle (θ) between the liquid and the wall of the tube, the radius of the capillary tube (r), the density of the liquid (p), and the acceleration due to gravity (g).
The relationship between these factors is given by the equation: h = (2Tcosθ) / (pgr). This equation shows that the height to which the liquid will rise is directly proportional to the surface tension of the liquid and inversely proportional to both the density of the liquid and the radius of the capillary tube. It is noteworthy that when a tube is made of a material that is very attractive to the liquid molecules, they will spread out completely on its surface, leading to a contact angle of 0°. A common example of capillarity is water rising in a glass tube.
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