High School

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Josiah invests [tex]$\$360$[/tex] into an account that accrues [tex]$3\%$[/tex] interest annually. Assuming no deposits or withdrawals are made, which equation represents the amount of money in Josiah's account, [tex]y[/tex], after [tex]x[/tex] years?

A. [tex]y = 360(1.3)^x[/tex]

B. [tex]y = 360(0.3)^x[/tex]

C. [tex]y = 360(0.03)^x[/tex]

D. [tex]y = 360(1.03)^x[/tex]

Answer :

To determine which equation represents the amount of money in Josiah's account, let's break down the problem:

1. Understanding the problem:
- Josiah invests [tex]$360.
- The account accrues an annual interest rate of 3% with no additional deposits or withdrawals.
- We need to find an equation that represents the amount of money, \( y \), in Josiah's account after \( x \) years.

2. Compound Interest Formula:
- When calculating the future value of an investment with compound interest annually, you use the formula: \[
y = P \times (1 + r)^x
\]
where:
- \( y \) is the future value of the investment after \( x \) years.
- \( P \) is the principal amount (initial investment), which is $[/tex]360.
- [tex]\( r \)[/tex] is the annual interest rate (expressed as a decimal). In this case, the rate is 3%, so as a decimal, it is 0.03.
- [tex]\( x \)[/tex] is the number of years the money is invested for.

3. Plugging into the formula:
- Substituting the known values into the formula gives:
[tex]\[
y = 360 \times (1 + 0.03)^x
\][/tex]
Simplifying the expression inside the parentheses:
[tex]\[
y = 360 \times (1.03)^x
\][/tex]

4. Conclusion:
- Therefore, the equation that represents the amount of money in Josiah's account after [tex]\( x \)[/tex] years is [tex]\( y = 360 \times (1.03)^x \)[/tex].

This matches with the option:
[tex]\[ y = 360 \times (1.03)^x \][/tex]
Thus, the correct choice is the equation for compound interest annually represented by [tex]\( y = 360 \times (1.03)^x \)[/tex].

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