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It has long been thought that white-collar offenders are basically law-abiding people who only get in trouble with the law once. Recent research suggests that this is not true. What is known about the criminal careers of white-collar offenders in regard to their criminal careers, and how do white-collar offenders compare to ordinary street offenders in this area?

A. White-collar offenders tend to have longer criminal careers compared to street offenders.
B. White-collar offenders are more likely to engage in white-collar crime repeatedly throughout their lives.
C. White-collar offenders are less likely to have prior criminal records compared to street offenders.
D. White-collar offenders are more likely to have higher socioeconomic status and access to resources, allowing them to engage in criminal activities for longer periods without getting caught.

Answer :

Final answer:

White-collar crime, defined by Edwin Sutherland, is committed by individuals of high social status and often involves complex fraud and embezzlement. These offenders can have long criminal careers (Option A), benefit from their socioeconomic status, and typically face lighter punishments than street criminals.

Explanation:

The concept of white-collar crime was first introduced by sociologist Edwin Sutherland in 1939, and it refers to financially motivated, nonviolent crimes committed by individuals of high social status in the course of their professions. Unlike their counterparts involved in street-level offenses, white-collar offenders tend to be educated and of higher socioeconomic status, which gives them the means to commit sophisticated crimes such as fraud, embezzlement, and insider trading.

Contrary to the assumption that white-collar criminals are one-time offenders, it is known that they can have longer criminal careers and may repeatedly engage in illegal activities. Their higher status and access to resources can allow them to evade detection for extended periods. Moreover, white-collar crime is difficult to track and prosecute due to the complex and often obscure nature of the criminal activities, leading to lighter sentences and the perception of unequal justice compared to street crimes.

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