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Answer :
Final answer:
Commensalism examples from the choices provided include hermit crabs using snail shells (A) for homes and egrets feeding on insects disturbed by cattle (B). Fleas on pets (C) depict parasitism, and both the Egyptian Plover with crocodiles (D) and pilot fish with sharks (E) show mutualism.
Explanation:
The concept being addressed here pertains to commensalism, which is a type of symbiotic relationship where one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped. Evaluating the given choices for examples of commensalism:
- A) Hermit crabs using the shells of dead snails for homes is an example of commensalism because the hermit crab benefits by having a home, while the dead snail is not affected.
- B) Egrets perching on the back of cows and eating insects can be considered an example of commensalism because the egret benefits from the food source without affecting the cows.
- C) Fleas on dogs or cats is an example of parasitism, not commensalism, as the host is harmed by flea bites.
- D) The Egyptian Plover ("Crocodile Bird") feeding on meat stuck in a crocodile's teeth is mutualism because both species benefit.
- E) The pilot fish cleaning away parasites from a shark is also mutualistic since the pilot fish gains protection while benefiting the shark.
Therefore, the relationships illustrating commensalism are found in choices A and B.
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Rewritten by : Barada
In commensalism, one organism benefits while the other is unaffected. Among the given options, only A) hermit crabs using dead snail shells for homes represents commensalism.
In an ecosystem, different types of symbiotic relationships exist between organisms. Among these, commensalism is a relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed. Let's evaluate the options provided:
- Option A: Hermit crabs use the shells of dead snails for homes. This is an example of commensalism because the hermit crab benefits by gaining a home, while the dead snail's shell is unaffected.
- Option B: Egrets perch on the back of cows and eat the insects that have been disturbed as the cattle forage for food. This is mutualism, not commensalism, since the egrets benefit by getting food and the cows benefit from the removal of insects.
- Option C: Fleas get food and a warm home by living on hosts such as dogs or cats and biting them to get nutrients from their blood. This is parasitism because the fleas benefit at the expense of the dogs or cats.
- Option D: The Egyptian Plover or 'Crocodile Bird' feeds on decaying meat in a crocodile's mouth. This is mutualism, as the bird gets food and the crocodile gets dental cleaning.
- Option E: The pilot fish helps to rid the shark of parasites and clean away food fragments, while gaining protection. This is mutualism because both organisms benefit.
Therefore, only Option A illustrates commensalism.
