Answer :

Final answer:

Integrated Pest Management has advantages including economic effectiveness, biodiversity promotion, and less harm to non-target species. However, it also has disadvantages such as the need for extensive knowledge, consistent pest population monitoring, reliance on environmental diversity, and controversy about the use of GMOs.

Explanation:

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a strategic approach to pest control that aims to keep pest populations at manageable levels, while minimizing the use of pesticides and harmful environmental impacts. The advantages of IPM include it being economically effective, as it aims to prevent pests rather than react to infestations, reducing the financial impact on agriculture or horticulture businesses. It also promotes biodiversity by encouraging the use of natural enemies of pests and can be less harmful to non-target species, which leads to better pest control and healthier ecosystems. In addition, certain pests even serve as food sources for some societies, and some weeds provide material for products or serve as additional food sources.

However, there are also disadvantages to IPM. It requires extensive knowledge and consistent monitoring of pest populations, which can be time-consuming and requires expertise. It also relies on a diverse environment, but as climate change disrupts this balance, some plant species that are resistant to pests could decline while pests thrive. This effect can be exacerbated if the diversity of pest enemies decreases, making pest control more difficult and costly. Furthermore, one controversial aspect of IPM involves the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) to combat pests, which has potential benefits but also raises concerns about potential ecological ramifications and ethical issues related to corporate involvement.

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