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Which observations led Darwin to establish a relationship between extinct and living animals?

A. The bony shells of armadillos resembled the shells of ancient Glyptodon fossils.
B. The fossilized remains of giant sloths were found in places where smaller sloths now live.

Answer :

The fossilized remains of giant sloths were found in places where smaller sloths now live. This led Darwin to establish a relationship between extinct and living animals. The correct answer is b.

The observation that the fossilized remains of giant sloths were found in places where smaller sloths now live provided evidence of a relationship between extinct and living animals. Darwin recognized that the distribution of fossils could be linked to the geographical distribution of living species.

This observation supported his theory of evolution, suggesting that different species have evolved over time and that extinct species may have been ancestors of current species.

While observation a, the resemblance of the bony shells of armadillos to the shells of ancient Glyptodon fossils, is also relevant to the study of extinct and living animals, it does not specifically establish a relationship between them.

It demonstrates similarities in physical features but does not provide evidence of a direct connection between extinct and living animals.

Therefore, option b is the observation that led Darwin to establish a relationship between extinct and living animals.

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