Answer :

Final answer:

The darkening of melanin is caused by the production of more melanin in melanocytes, which then accumulates in keratinocytes, absorbing UV rays to protect skin from damage. This response is due to evolutionary adaptation to sunlight exposure. However, prolonged UV exposure, including from 'safe' tanning salon lights, can lead to skin damage and cancer risk.

Explanation:

The process that causes the darkening of melanin when exposed to long wave ultraviolet (UV) rays, such as those from the sun or a tanning salon, is a protective response of the skin. Melanocytes in the epidermis produce more melanin upon UV exposure, which is then transferred to keratinocytes in the skin. The increased melanin acts as a shield, absorbing UV light to protect the skin's DNA from damage and prevent the breakdown of folic acid, which is essential for health. However, an excessive accumulation of melanin may hinder vitamin D production, which is also crucial for bone health. Hence, a balance is maintained between the protection offered by melanin and the need for vitamin D synthesis.

Initially, after sun exposure, it takes about 10 days for melanin synthesis to reach its peak levels, which provides a deeper tan but also necessary UV protection. This defense mechanism can be traced back to an evolutionary response rooted in the need to adapt to varying levels of sunlight. It's also important to note that despite tanning salons claiming to use 'safe' UV, prolonged exposure to any UV light can potentially cause skin cell damage and increase the risk of cancer.

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Rewritten by : Barada