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Answer :
Final answer:
In Isle Royale, top-down population control is evident as an increase in wolf population leads to a decrease in moose population. Conversely, bottom-up control is seen when a decline in moose population due to external factors leads to a decrease in the wolf population. These interactions exemplify predator-prey dynamics and population regulation in ecology.
Explanation:
The populations of wolves and moose on Isle Royale provide perfect examples of both top-down and bottom-up population control. Top-down control is illustrated when wolves, as top predators, control the population of the moose, their prey. For instance, when the population of wolves increases, they consume more moose, leading to a reduction in the moose population.
On the other hand, bottom-up control occurs when the population of moose controls the population of wolves. In this case, the availability of moose as a food source affects the wolf population. When the moose population declines due to factors such as disease or food shortage, this impacts the wolf population, causing it to decline due to decreased access to food.
These examples demonstrate how intricate interactions between predator and prey can play crucial roles in regulating population sizes in animal communities. In the broader context of ecology, this enhances our understanding of species interaction, predator-prey dynamics and population ecology.
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