Given its assumptions, allele frequencies will remain the same generation after generation according to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. However, if allele frequency does change from generation to generation (meaning the equations do not work), this indicates that microevolution is occurring.

a. True
b. False

The statement is true. According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, allele frequencies in a population will remain constant barring the influence of evolutionary forces. Therefore, any changes in allele frequencies across generations signal the occurrence of microevolution.

Explanation:

True. The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that given certain assumptions including no mutations, random mating, no genetic drift, no selection, and no gene flow, allele frequencies will remain stable from generation to generation. These conditions provide a mathematical baseline of a non-evolving population, represented by the equation p² + 2pq + q², where 'p' and 'q' represent the frequencies of the dominant and recessive alleles respectively. However, these conditions are rarely met in natural populations, and as such, allele frequencies typically change over time, indicating microevolution is occurring.

If the frequency of alleles or genotypes deviates from the values predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg equation, this deviation indicates that the population is evolving. For instance, a study of the frequencies of alleles in a pesticide resistance gene revealed that after two years of pesticide treatment in an area, the resistance alleles increased, while the non-resistance allele decreased. This change in allele frequencies is evidence of microevolution.

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