Answer :

Final answer:

Osmosis is the natural movement of water from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration, while reverse osmosis involves a pressurized movement from higher to lower concentration for purifying water. Dialysis works on the same principle to remove waste from the human body.

Explanation:

The diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane to eliminate impurities in water refers to the biological process known as osmosis and the technique known as reverse osmosis leverage for water purification. In osmosis, water moves from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. However, reverse osmosis applies pressure to halt this natural flow, instead, forcing water against its concentration gradient from a more concentrated solution to a less concentrated or pure solution, thereby eliminating impurities. This process is widely used in desalination plants, water-purifying machines in grocery stores, and smaller reverse-osmosis household units.

Similarly, dialysis, a medical equivalent of this process, is used by patients with kidney illnesses to remove harmful urea from their blood. The principle remains the same, where urea diffuses through a semi-permeable membrane into a solution, while larger components of the blood, such as proteins and blood cells, remain within the tube. Consequently, we see how the principles of osmosis and reverse osmosis serve to cleanse both water and blood of impurities.

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