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The solubility of a compound is 33.1 g/100 mL at 25°C and 38.5 g/100 mL at 108°C. If a saturated solution of the compound at 108°C is allowed to slowly cool to 25°C, what is the maximum yield?

a) 35.8 g/100 mL
b) 36.3 g/100 mL
c) 37.2 g/100 mL
d) 37.8 g/100 mL

Answer :

Final answer:

Upon cooling a saturated solution from 108°C to 25°C, the solubility of the compound dictates that only 33.1 g/100mL can remain dissolved. Excess solute will precipitate until this saturation concentration is reached, making 33.1 g the maximum yield irrespective of the initial concentration at the higher temperature. None of the options are correct, so the correct answer is 33.1 g /100 mL.

Explanation:

The solubility of a compound is the maximum amount that can dissolve in a specific volume of solvent at a given temperature. As a saturated solution cools, the solute may precipitate or crystallize from the solution if the temperature drops below its saturation point. In the case of the student's question, if a saturated solution initially contains 38.5 g/100mL at 108°C and is cooled to 25°C, the maximum yield would be the solubility of the compound at the lower temperature, since excess solute will crystallize out.

At 25°C, the solubility is 33.1 g/100mL. Therefore, upon cooling to 25°C, a maximum of 33.1g of the solute will remain dissolved in 100 mL of the solution. Any original solution volume having more than 33.1 g/100mL at 108°C will result in crystal precipitation until the concentration reduces to 33.1 g/100mL at 25°C. Hence, the maximum yield will be the same regardless of whether the initial quantities are 35.8 g/100mL, 36.3 g/100mL, 37.2 g/100mL, or 37.8 g/100mL.

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