High School

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ΔS is negative for the reaction:

A. Sr(NO₃)₂ (aq) + 2LiOH (aq) → Sr(OH)₂ (s) + 2LiNO₃ (aq)
B. NH₄NO₃ (aq) → NH₄⁺ (aq) + NO₃⁻ (aq)

Answer :

In chemistry, [tex]\Delta S[/tex] represents the change in entropy, which is a measure of disorder or randomness in a system. When [tex]\Delta S[/tex] is negative, it implies that the reaction leads to a decrease in disorder.

Let's analyze the two reactions one by one to identify where [tex]\Delta S[/tex] is negative:

  1. [tex]\text{Sr(NO}_3 ext{)}_2 (aq) + 2 ext{LiOH} (aq) \rightarrow \text{Sr(OH)}_2 (s) + 2 ext{LiNO}_3 (aq)[/tex]

    • In this reaction, a solid ([tex]\text{Sr(OH)}_2[/tex]) is formed from aqueous reactants. Typically, forming a solid from dissolved ions indicates a decrease in entropy because the particles become more ordered as they form a solid lattice structure.

  2. [tex]\text{NH}_4 ext{NO}_3 (aq) \rightarrow \text{NH}_4^+ (aq) + ext{NO}_3^- (aq)[/tex]

    • Here, a single compound dissociates into two ions in aqueous solution. This process generally increases the disorder because the ions can move independently, leading to an increase in entropy.

Based on the nature of these reactions, option A is the correct choice where [tex]\Delta S[/tex] is negative because it involves the formation of a solid from aqueous reactants, which decreases the system's entropy.

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