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Answer :
Final answer:
Subsurface mining and mountaintop removal both have significant impacts on the environment. While subsurface mining can lead to groundwater contamination and habitat destruction, its effect is comparably lesser than mountaintop mining which significantly alters landscapes and destroys ecosystems.
Explanation:
Compared to mountaintop removal, subsurface mining has different types of environmental impacts. Subsurface mining involves extracting minerals from underground. This method can cause sub-surface disturbance such as sinkholes, groundwater contamination, soil erosion, and loss of biological diversity as fauna and flora are destroyed. However, compared to mountaintop removal which literally disfigures the landscape and destroys entire ecosystems, subsurface mining's visible impact on the land surface is less severe due to the underground nature of the operations.
Mountaintop removal mining is extremely damaging to the environment because it removes mountain tops to get access to coal seams, discarding the debris into adjacent valleys, resulting in the destruction of important habitat. This process often results in serious erosion problems and loss of biodiversity due to the displacement of plant and animal life. Furthermore, the displaced soil and rock can bury waterways, causing water pollution.
Thus, while subsurface mining still poses significant environmental challenges, including potential groundwater contamination and habitat destruction, its overall impact on the surface environment and ecosystems is generally less immediate and visually dramatic than that of mountaintop removal.
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