We explored four categories of policies designed to address labor market discrimination:

1. Conventional equal pay legislation
2. Equal value legislation
3. Equal employment opportunity legislation
4. Employment equity legislation

Each of the following examples reflects some form of labor market discrimination. Match each example with the policy response most clearly being illustrated:

a. A firm employs two workers, a male and a female, who perform the same job in the same department. The two workers have identical resumes, with the same education and years of experience. However, the male worker earns a higher pay than the female worker.

b. In a particular firm, the average income of female workers is much lower than that of male workers. It appears that the most important reason for this firm's male-female pay gap is that males hold virtually every high-paying position.

c. Kelly and Ryan work in different public sector occupations. Kelly and her mostly female co-workers earn a lower average income than Ryan and his mostly male co-workers, despite the fact that the two groups of workers have very similar job qualifications and responsibilities.

d. Three years ago, in response to having a male-dominated workforce, management of a firm went to great lengths to eliminate any discriminatory hiring practices. However, the firm's workforce remains dominated by males, with only a little progress made since the new hiring practices were adopted.