Answer :

Final answer:

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an eco-friendly agriculture method that controls rather than eradicates pests by promoting biodiversity and using natural pest enemies like predators and parasites. This includes methods such as planting pest-repelling plants or introducing multiple enemies of a particular pest to increase yield.

Explanation:

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an ecological approach used in agriculture to manage pests. Rather than simply eliminating pests, IPM aims to maintain pest populations at manageable levels. This is done using a variety of techniques, each of which is designed to be environmentally friendly and sustainable.

A core method of IPM is encouraging biodiversity in the area under cultivation. Greater biodiversity tends to inhibit pest population growth. For instance, some plants naturally repel certain pests, others attract the enemies of pests. An example of this is seen in traditional Chinese farming where thunder god vine root bark is used to deter caterpillars and aphids. Certain plants known for their pest-repelling properties, like neem and mint, are also planted to help protect harvested crops from insects.

Apart from biodiversity, another IPM technique is the use of wild food sources or natural enemies to manage pest populations. For example, research indicates that introducing multiple enemies of pea aphids, an alfalfa pest, can significantly increase alfalfa yield. Hence, the greater the diversity of pest enemies, the greater the effectiveness of pest control methods.

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