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Answer :
Final answer:
The situation comparing the incomes of different political parties' members, the cholesterol levels of different sports players, and the hibernation days of different species' bears are all examples of independent samples. Meanwhile, comparing a student's study hours to their smartphone usage is an example of matched pairs.
Explanation:
To determine whether a scenario represents an independent samples or dependent samples (matched pairs) situation, we consider the relationship between the subjects in each group. If the members of each group are not related or paired in any way, we classify them as independent samples. On the other hand, if there is a direct pairing or relationship, such as measurements taken from the same subject or paired subjects, we classify them as matched pairs.
Comparing the incomes of 40 Democrats and 70 Republicans: This scenario represents B. Independent Samples because the two groups consist of members from different political parties with no suggested pairing or matching criteria.
Comparing the LDL cholesterol for 50 soccer players and 50 basketball players: This scenario represents A. Independent Samples as well, as there is no indication that each soccer player's data is directly compared to a specific basketball player's data.
Comparing how many hours 70 students spend studying per week to how many hours they spend on their smartphone per week: This is an example of B. Matched Pairs because the same students' hours are being compared across two different activities.
Comparing the days hibernated by 45 black bears in California and 45 polar bears in Alaska: This scenario represents B. Independent Samples as it involves two different species in different locations without any specific matching criterion between the individual bears.
Finally, when analyzing the scenario of conducting a poll of political opinions among 50 married couples, we would classify it as matched pairs because we collected data from individuals who are paired (married couples).
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Final answer:
The scenarios comparing incomes of Democrats and Republicans, LDL cholesterol in soccer and basketball players, and hibernation days of black and polar bears are all independent samples. Only the scenario comparing student study hours to smartphone use hours represents matched pairs.
Explanation:
Given the scenarios described in your question, here's how we'd categorize them:
- Comparing the incomes of 40 Democrats and 70 Republicans: Independent Samples. The two groups (Democrats and Republicans) are distinct, with no overlap or pairing.
- Comparing the LDL cholesterol for 50 soccer players and 50 basketball players: Independent Samples. Once again, these are two distinct groups being compared, there's no match or pair between them.
- Comparing how many hours 70 students spend studying per week to how many hours they spend on their smartphone per week: Matched Pairs. In this case, the same group (students) being compared on two different characteristics (study vs smartphone) present a dependent situation.
- Comparing the days hibernated by 45 black bears in California and 45 polar bears in Alaska: Independent Samples. These are two distinct groups, hence the match or pair does not exist between them.
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