What does ionizing radiation do in a typical gas-filled detector circuit?

Question

05-01-2024
Physics

High School

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What does ionizing radiation do in a typical gas-filled detector circuit?

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indumalinis indumalinis · Answer 1 · 2024-11-18T12:48:12-05:00

Ionization radiation in gas-filled detectors causes free ion pairs to form, creating a current that can be measured. Solid-state detectors directly convert ionization into an electrical signal, and often provide more detailed information than gas-filled detectors due to their higher efficiency and capability to stop radiation over shorter distances.

Ionizing radiation in a typical gas-filled detector circuit, such as a Geiger tube or a gaseous ionization detector, produces free ion pairs (electrons and ions) when it interacts with gas molecules within the detector. The ion pairs are then attracted to oppositely charged electrodes, causing a current to flow that can be measured. In more sophisticated detectors like scintillators or solid-state detectors, the process is similar but results in the production of luminescence or a current that is closely related to the amount of energy deposited by the radiation, providing more detailed information.

The detectors filled with gases like {3}He or BF3 utilize secondary ionization to create a current. However, gas-filled detectors have limitations, such as difficulty in achieving a fixed thickness, which can affect efficiency compared to solid-state detectors that can have any desired thickness and usually have higher efficiency since they stop ionizing radiation over shorter distances and provide sophisticated information about the detected radiation.