Which of the following occurred in Griffith's study on bacterial transformation?

A. Heat-killed R strain transformed S strain.

B. Live R strain transformed heat-killed S strain.

C. Live S strain transformed R strain into pathogenic form.

D. Heat-killed S strain transformed R strain into pathogenic form.

Griffith's experiment demonstrated that heat-killed S strain bacteria could transform the non-pathogenic R strain into a pathogenic form, as evidenced by the death of the injected mice. This was a significant finding in the study of genetics, illustrating the concept of genetic transformation. Ultimately, Griffith discovered the 'transforming principle' through this process.

Explanation:

Griffith's Transformation Experiment

In his groundbreaking studies on bacterial transformation, Frederick Griffith used two strains of the bacterium S. pneumoniae. The R strain was non-pathogenic, while the S strain was pathogenic and capable of causing disease.

When Griffith injected a mouse with the heat-killed S strain along with a live R strain, the outcome was surprising: the mouse died. This led to the recovery of live S strain bacteria from the dead mouse, indicating that something had transferred from the heat-killed S strain to the R strain, effectively transforming it. Griffith concluded that this process illustrated a transforming principle.

To summarize, the key outcome of Griffith's experiments was that the heat-killed S strain could indeed transform the live R strain into a pathogenic form, resulting in the mouse's death. This transformation showed that genetic material can be exchanged between different bacterial strains, paving the way for future discoveries in genetics.

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