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Wood rats are medium-sized rodents with interesting behaviors. You may know them as packrats. Let's assume that the trait of bringing home shiny objects (H) is controlled by a single locus gene and is dominant to the trait of carrying home only dull objects (h). Suppose two heterozygous individuals are crossed:

1. What genotypes would be expected?
2. How many of each genotype would be expected if 44 offspring were produced?
3. How many of each phenotype would be expected?

Wolves are sometimes observed to have black coats and blue eyes. Assume that these traits are controlled by single locus genes and are located on different chromosomes. Assume further that normal coat color (N) is dominant to black (n) and brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue (b). Suppose the alpha male and alpha female of a pack (these are the dominant individuals who do most of the breeding) are black with blue eyes and normal colored with brown eyes, respectively. The female is also heterozygous for both traits:

1. What phenotypes should you see in their offspring?
2. In what proportion?
3. What genotypes give you the expected phenotypes?

Answer :

Final answer:

Genotypic and phenotypic ratios from genetic crosses in wood rats follow a 1:2:1 and 3:1 ratio, respectively, and the expected phenotype of wolf offspring would have four combinations with a 1:1:1:1 phenotypic ratio.

Explanation:

For wood rats carrying home shiny objects (H) which is dominant over carrying home dull objects (h), the genotypic ratio from a heterozygous cross (Hh x Hh) follows Mendelian genetics, giving us a 1:2:1 ratio - one HH, two Hh, and one hh. With 44 offspring, we would expect approximately 11 HH, 22 Hh, and 11 hh. The phenotypic ratio would be 3:1, with 33 showing the dominant shiny object trait (HH and Hh combined) and 11 showing the recessive dull object trait (hh).

For the wolves' cross, their coat color and eye color are controlled by two different genes on separate chromosomes. The genotype of the black, blue-eyed wolf would be nnbb, and the normal brown-eyed but heterozygous female's genotype would be NnBb. The offspring could show four different phenotypic combinations (black with blue eyes, black with brown eyes, normal with blue eyes, and normal with brown eyes) in a 1:1:1:1 ratio, assuming equal probability of allelic segregation.

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Final answer:

The expected genotypes in the offspring of two heterozygous wood rats would be approximately 11 HH, 22 Hh, and 11 hh. Out of the 44 offspring, approximately 33 would exhibit the shiny object phenotype and 11 would exhibit the dull object phenotype.

Explanation:

In wood rats, the trait of bringing home shiny objects (H) is dominant to carrying home only dull objects (h). When two heterozygous individuals are crossed, the expected genotypes can be determined using a Punnett square.

Let's represent the dominant allele for bringing home shiny objects as H and the recessive allele for carrying home only dull objects as h. When two heterozygous individuals (Hh) are crossed, the possible genotypes of the offspring are:

  • HH (homozygous dominant)
  • Hh (heterozygous)
  • hh (homozygous recessive)

To determine the number of each genotype expected if 44 offspring were produced, we can use the principles of Mendelian genetics. Since the cross involves two heterozygous individuals, the genotypic ratio is expected to be 1:2:1 for HH:Hh:hh. Therefore, we would expect approximately 11 HH individuals, 22 Hh individuals, and 11 hh individuals.

Regarding the phenotypes, since the trait of bringing home shiny objects (H) is dominant, individuals with either HH or Hh genotypes would exhibit the shiny object behavior. Only individuals with the hh genotype would carry home only dull objects. Therefore, we would expect approximately 33 individuals with the shiny object phenotype and 11 individuals with the dull object phenotype.

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