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Answer :
The Galapagos Islands, which are the habitat of finches, experienced an unusually heavy rainfall and parasitic threat, namely the type of fly parasite Philornis Downsi which affects the extinction of Finch 4
What is a further explanation regarding the cause of the extinction of Finches 4 in the Galapagos Islands?
The extinction occurred in species of finch 4 which had thin beaks and were naturally insectivorous. Conditions of very high rainfall make it difficult for this mother bird to feed her children so this lack of food causes uncompensated blood loss. This blood loss in finch 4 occurs due to the threat of an invasive parasite, the Philornus Downsi fly. This condition made it difficult for finches 4 to survive and eventually became extinct. In addition, another possibility related to the cause of the extinction of finch 4 is the prevalence of smallpox.
In conclusion, conditions that occured in the Galapagos Islands causing the species of Finch 4 to become extinct, namely heavy rainfall, the threat of the Philornus Downsi fly parasite and the prevalence of pox.
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Final answer:
The virtual extinction of Finch 4 on the Galápagos Islands can be attributed to evolution by natural selection, likely caused by environmental changes such as a drought that altered the availability of their food source.
Explanation:
The dramatic change in the percentage of Finch 4 species on one of the Galápagos Islands, from comprising over 75% of the finch population to being virtually extinct, can be explained through the principle of evolution by natural selection. The variations in beak size and shape among Galápagos finches, as observed by Charles Darwin and later by biologists Peter and Rosemary Grant, are closely tied to their diet and the types of food available. For instance, finches that eat seeds and plant parts tend to have shorter, thicker beaks, while those that feed on insects and small organisms have thin, pointed beaks. A drought event, which reduced the availability of seeds, disproportionately affected finch species depending on their beak size. Finch 4, likely suited to a now-scarce food source, could not compete effectively for food or lacked the necessary adaptations to consume available resources, leading to their decline. This scenario illustrates how environmental changes can lead to a shift in species populations due to natural selection, favoring those individuals with traits best suited to the current conditions.
