Paul Ekman, who has conducted a number of studies of facial expressions associated with emotions, found that across cultures:

A. There are universal facial expressions for basic emotions
B. Facial expressions are entirely culturally determined
C. Facial expressions vary greatly between cultures
D. Facial expressions are not related to emotions

Paul Ekman's research suggests that there are universal facial expressions for seven basic emotions (happiness, surprise, sadness, fright, disgust, contempt, and anger), which are recognized and produced universally, even by people who have never had the chance to observe them, such as the congenitally blind.

Explanation:

Based on Paul Ekman's research on facial expressions of emotions, the correct answer to the question is that there are universal facial expressions for basic emotions (option a). Ekman observed that certain facial expressions related to basic emotions such as happiness, surprise, sadness, fright, disgust, contempt, and anger were recognized universally, regardless of cultural background. This conclusion was drawn from studies conducted in various settings, including work with a man from a preliterate culture in New Guinea.

Ekman's findings suggest that these expressions are innate, as he found that even congenitally blind individuals produced the same expressions for these seven basic emotions, despite never having the opportunity to observe them in others. However, it is important to note that these universal expressions may be expressed differently or regulated due to cultural customs and norms, known as emotional display rules.

Learn more about universal facial expressions here:

https://brainly.com/question/34194508

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