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A researcher wants to know if 2nd graders and 8th graders differ in their preferences for TV shows. The researcher has ten 2nd graders and ten 8th graders at Smith Elementary watch "Kenny the Clown" and "Action Rangers." Ten 2nd graders and ten 8th graders at Wilson Elementary watch the same two shows. Then each child rates how much they liked each show on a scale from 1 to 10. At both schools, "Kenny the Clown" is shown on a small television set in the cafeteria, and "Action Rangers" is projected on the large screen in the school auditorium.

The mean ratings for 2nd graders:
- Kenny the Clown: 8.4
- Action Rangers: 4.8

The mean ratings for 8th graders:
- Kenny the Clown: 6.7
- Action Rangers: 3.1

Which of the following best describes this research design?

A. 2x2 independent groups factorial design
B. 2x2 mixed factorial design
C. 2x2 repeated measures factorial design
D. 2x2x2 independent groups factorial design

Answer :

The described scenario is a 2x2 mixed factorial design because it involves two independent variables with two levels each, with the same subjects being measured more than once across two different environments (Smith and Wilson Elementary). Therefore, the correct answer is option b. 2x2 mixed factorial design.

The research design described in the scenario is a 2x2 mixed factorial design. This is because there are two factors being studied (grade level and TV show preference), each with two levels (2nd graders vs. 8th graders for grade level, and 'Kenny the Clown' vs. 'Action Rangers' for TV show preference). Additionally, the two groups of students (from Smith Elementary and Wilson Elementary) are independent from each other, and the same subjects are being measured more than once (watching and rating both TV shows), making it a mixed design. The term "mixed" refers to the combination of independent group measurements with repeated measures (the same subjects are measured on two different occasions).

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