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Answer :
According to the equilibrium model of island biogeography, a balance between immigration and extinction determines the species richness on an island. This hypothesis has been backed by studies done in the West Indies, which demonstrate that the rate of extinction and immigration control the number of species on an island.
What is an equilibrium model?
Robert MacArthur and E.O. Wilson originally put out the equilibrium model of island biogeography in 1967. It claims that the equilibrium between immigration and extinction determines the number of species on an island. Migration of species to an island is referred to as immigration, whereas local extinction is referred to as extinction.
This hypothesis has been backed by studies done in the West Indies, which demonstrate that the rate of extinction and immigration control the number of species on an island. For instance, due to the inflow of new species, islands that get more immigrants typically have higher species variety. Moreover, islands with greater rates of extinction tend to have less variety in their species. This is because of the loss of existing species.
Some islands have a higher species diversity than others, which is explained by the balance between immigration and extinction. As a result of their adaptation to the unique environment of each individual island, it also helps to explain why species in the West Indies tend to be more specialized. The equilibrium model of island biogeography, which also explains why some islands remain isolated because they don't receive enough immigrants or lose too many species to extinction, helps to explain why certain islands remain isolated.
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Final answer:
The studies in the West Indies supported the equilibrium model of island biogeography, verifying that larger islands support a greater number of species compared to smaller islands, with island size and distance from the mainland influencing species diversity and emphasizing the importance of large habitat patches for conservation.
Explanation:
The studies conducted in the West Indies supported the prediction of the equilibrium model of island biogeography which states that larger islands will have a greater number of species compared to smaller islands. This model was developed by MacArthur and Wilson and incorporates the principles of species migration, speciation, and extinction. It also suggests that islands larger in area are more capable of maintaining higher biodiversity due to a larger number of available habitats and niches, increased immigration rates, and lower probabilities of species extinction.
In addition, the model indicates that islands that are further from the mainland have a decreased rate of species immigration, leading to a lower equilibrium number of species. This aligns with findings from the West Indies, where the number of species on an island correlates with its size and distance from the mainland. This has important implications for conservation efforts, as it suggests that preserving larger habitat patches is crucial for maintaining wildlife populations and biodiversity.