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All Galapagos birds have various beak shapes. During droughts, finches with broader beaks fared better than those with smaller beaks because they could access a wider range of food sources. Conversely, during periods of rain, more small seeds are produced, allowing finches with smaller beaks to fare better.

Answer :

The Darwin's theory of natural selection is responsible for the Galapagos birds to have various beak shapes. The evolution is a very slow and gradual process.

What is Darwin's theory?

According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, species keep on evolving or changing with time. During the change of environment the requirements of an organism also change and they adapt to the new environment.

This process of changing over a period of time as per the natural requirements is called the adaptation. Darwin identified that these sparrow like birds came to the Galapagos island by wind.

The finches evolved from a common ancestor to have different beaks which is well suited for different types of food they feed on.

Thus Galapagos birds are example for adaptive radiation.

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