Answer :

To calculate the formal charge of the central N atom, subtract the number of valence electrons it actually has from the number it should have.

The formal charge of the central N atom in a molecule can be calculated by considering the number of valence electrons it should have minus the number of valence electrons it actually has in the molecule.

To calculate the formal charge of the central N atom, follow these steps:

1. Determine the number of valence electrons the N atom should have. Nitrogen is in group 15 of the periodic table, so it has 5 valence electrons.

2. Count the number of valence electrons the N atom actually has in the molecule. Look at the Lewis structure of the molecule and count the number of lone pairs and the number of shared electrons around the N atom.

3. Subtract the number of valence electrons the N atom actually has from the number of valence electrons it should have. This gives you the formal charge of the N atom.

For example, let's consider the molecule NH3. Nitrogen should have 5 valence electrons, and in NH3 it has 3 lone pairs and is involved in 3 covalent bonds, giving it a total of 8 valence electrons. Subtracting 8 from 5 gives a formal charge of -3 for the central N atom.

In summary, to calculate the formal charge of the central N atom, subtract the number of valence electrons it actually has from the number it should have.

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