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The researchers who conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment believed that the participants designated as guards acted harshly toward those designated as prisoners due to...

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Stanford Prison Experiment researchers believed that the guards' harsh behavior towards prisoners was a result of role expectations, deindividuation, group dynamics, and situational factors.

The researchers who conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment believed that the participants designated as guards acted harshly toward those designated as prisoners due to the following factors:
1. Role expectations: Participants were assigned to either the guard or prisoner role, which came with preconceived notions about how each role should behave. Guards were expected to enforce rules and maintain order, while prisoners were expected to obey and be submissive. This led to the guards adopting an authoritative and harsh demeanor towards the prisoners.
2. Deindividuation: The guards wore uniforms and mirrored sunglasses, which obscured their individual identities and made them feel more anonymous. This anonymity allowed them to act more aggressively toward the prisoners without feeling personal responsibility for their actions.
3. Group dynamics: The guards formed a cohesive group that reinforced their power and authority over the prisoners. This group dynamic encouraged the guards to act more harshly towards the prisoners to maintain their dominant position.
4. Situational factors: The simulated prison environment created a context in which the guards felt justified in using harsh methods to maintain order and control over the prisoners. The stress and tension of the experiment may have also contributed to the guards' aggressive behavior.
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