Answer :

The statement "Millions of American Indians were living in North America before Columbus made his discovery" is True. These populous indigenous societies, while diverse in culture and lifestyle, flourished in North America long before Columbus' arrival in 1492. They often gets overshadowed by Columbus' journeys, which were not even the first European encounters with the American continent.

Prior to Columbus' voyage in 1492, There were indeed millions of Indian populations residing in North America. At the time of Columbus' arrival, the Indigenous population of the entire Western Hemisphere is estimated to be around seventy-five million, encompassing more than six hundred distinct groups or tribes.

The lifestyle among these groups varied based on their geographical location and resources, with some groups like the Inuit and Dene acting as hunter-gathers, while others in the south such as the Puebloans and the Creek developed large farming communities focusing on crops like maize.

The term 'Indians' was first applied by Columbus himself, under the mistaken belief that he had reached the East Indies. This name persisted for centuries. It's important to note that Columbus' voyage was not the first contact between European explorers and the Indigenous peoples of North America as the Viking explorers had made contact nearly five hundred years before.

By the time of Columbus' arrival, many North American Native cultures were already in decline. Some societies, though widespread, did not match the concentrated population size or structured social arrangements of societies like the Mayan, Aztec, and Incan.

The Eastern Woodland peoples were still thriving, but that too changed with the increase in European settlers during Columbus' time.

Hence, the correct answer is True.

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