The carpenter singing his, as he measures his plank or beam,

The mason singing his, as he makes ready for work, or leaves off work;

The boatman singing what belongs to him in his boat – the deckhand singing on the steamboat deck;

The shoemaker singing as he sits on his bench – the hatter singing as he stands.

—“I Hear America Singing,”
Walt Whitman

In what three ways does Whitman use repetition in this passage from his poem?

1. by repeating rhymed words
2. by repeating “singing”
3. by including the workers’ first names
4. by starting each line with a type of worker
5. by ending each line with what each person does while singing